The Language of the Mafia Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Language of the Mafia Mobspeak is a language that grows out of secrecy, and who can be more secret than the Mafia? The anti-social nature of the Mob is the perfect breeding ground for an "Antilanguage," which is, according to M. A. K. Halliday, a language that develops out of an antisociety which stands as a mode of resistance' to the society within which it exists (Butler 1). In his 1976 article, Halliday suggests that in these societies, a type of language forms in an effort to exclude outsiders for various reasons. One striking reason for the existence of an antilanguage is to hide the activities of the group. Halliday gives evidence for this claim through the existence of Elizabethan thieves cant, a form of communication derived in the Calcuttan underworld that thieves use to speak to one another without fear of incriminating themselves. Similarly, the Mafia -- which is often the target of FBI wire-taps -- requires its own thieves cant. The Mob constantly tries to hide its activities from the authorit ies. One way to accomplish this goal is to use somewhat cryptic vocabulary. For instance, there are over twenty words for the verb to kill'. If someone were to disrespect The Family' somebody might do a piece of work on' him. He could get whacked, erased, burned, clipped, iced, or hit -- just to name a few. In order to have a full understanding of the Mafia's unique use of language it is necessary to realize the context in which it is used. The Mafia's major business is providing "protection" for merchants in their territory. Basically, they insure that no other criminals will give any of their clients trouble. However, when anything comes under mob protection, the Mafia considers itself its "owner". They do not offer... ...English. Virtually everything the Mafia does has an impact on its language. Many defining characteristics of Mobspeak spawn from the illegal activities of the organization. They speak in codes due to a requisite for secrecy. The same applies in their unreserved overuse of profanity -- another way of expressing power. Their linguistic characteristics are a reflection of their roguish behavior and lifestyle. Overall, the language of the mafia is unique in that employs Halliday's ideas of an antilanguage in a modern sense. Sources Cited Butler, Todd. Exploring the Antilanguage of Gangster Rap. The Secol Review V. 19 (Spring 1995): 1-24 Le Vien, Douglas, Jr. and Juliet Papa. The Mafia Handbook. New York: Penguin Books, 1993 Pieggi, Nicholas. Wiseguy. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986 Pieggi, Nicholas. Casino. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995

Argumentative Essay of the Movie “The Reader”

Parra 1 Martin Parra Prof. Enrique Wong English 100 4 December 2012 Looks can be deceiving; do not fall into the trap â€Å"Ethical principles stand above the existence of the nation and that, by adhering to these principles an individual, belongs to the community of all those who share, who have shared, and who will share this belief† (Fromm 121). This thought was impossible to perceive in Germany during Hitler’s command and his cruel, racist, immoral Jewish holocaust. Ethics and moral never existed in that country by that time, thus Germans only lived under the â€Å"law†.One special case of this atrocity was the one of Hanna Schmitz, in the movie The Reader. Some people would say that Hanna Schmitz was a right person based on the fact that she helped Michael Berg during his youth and also the fact that she was a disciplined worker. However, she manipulated Michael Berg, killed around three hundred people in the concentration camp, and killed herself when she w as in jail. Despite Hanna helped Michael when he more needed at the time he was very sick, she manipulated and mistreated him in different ways.The first one and the most important was when Michael had to take a bath (The Reader, film). He wanted a private moment, but Hanna disrespected him (The Reader, film). She did not close the curtain and saw him naked. When Michael realized that, he was restrained. Looking at his eyes, Hanna seized the moment and got naked, too. Michael got shocked. After some looks, Michael was having his first sex experience (The Reader, film). He was just fifteen years old. Then, they began to repeat this situation almost every day. So, Michael Parra 2 started to prefer going Hanna’s instead going home, and she did not care about it.Neither cared about his name (she just called him â€Å"kid†) nor how was he with his disease (The Reader, film). She just wanted to have sex and pleasure, not love at all. After some time, Michael read a story to Hanna and she liked the way he did it. Hanna liked so much that she preferred hearing a story before having sex (The Reader, film). Again, Hanna is using Michael just to self-indulge. Another situation where she did not show respect for him was in the train. Both saw each other, but Hanna did not want to greet him and turned around (The Reader, film).Furthermore, she told Michael that she could not be upset with him because she did not care enough about him (The Reader, film). Unexpectedly, he asked Hanna if she loved him, the answer was a deep silence (The Reader, film). So, it is clear that Hanna Schmitz did not respect Michael Berg, just used and manipulated him for her own benefit. After a long time, Michael became a law student and saw Hanna again, but in a trial (The Reader, film). It resulted that Hanna drop her job at the train office and radically became a concentration camp guard (The Reader, film). Why did she take that decision?It can be possible that she was in a diffic ult situation in her life, but she could have easily chosen another type of job, not an atrocious one. Even though she knew her new job was killing people without a logic reason, she accepted before thinking twice. The worst thing she did was burning a church with three hundred people inside and locking all the doors (The Reader, film). Where are the ethics, moral and logic here?! She did not want to think in the most important values and rights, she just obeyed the law. Based on Donald B. Walker article: Law is the derivation of a society? interpretation of justice which is relative both to time and place. Furthermore, the creation of law is more frequently the Parra 3 result of the interpretation of justice by the powerful in the society which is then applied at the expense of the powerless. Obviously, in this case the Germans were the powerful and Jews, the powerless. Consequently, their law was an interpretation of what they think to be justice; but, that justice was based on ha te, racism and killing of some people, especially Jews. This absurd law was the only thing Hanna had in my mind when she was working as a concentration camp guard.She could save those people if she had thought in ethics and rights, but no. She did not open her mind, just obeyed the law. At the end of the trial Michael began to cry because the judge sentence Hanna penal servitude for life because she admitted that the letter about those killed people in the concentration camp was written by her (The Reader, film). It may have been worse; she could have been executed due to all the people she had killed. Years passed, Michael Berg became a judge, he had a daughter; but, he never stopped thinking about Hanna Schmitz.He could not forget her. So, one day he decided to write a letter to her (The Reader, film). When she received it and heard the name Michael Berg, she was surprised. After that, Michael sent her a story recorded in a cassette. Since then, plenty of cassettes arrived to Hann a’s jail (The Reader, film). Since then, she learned how to read and write. Now the big question, why did she tell the judge that she wrote that letter when she did not know how to write? It cannot be possible that Hanna lied in the most decisive moment of the trial, of her future.Finally, she killed herself after Michael wanted to help to her to get out of prison. These attitudes are considered part of the psychologically weakest people who refuse any kind of help from others who love and care them. Once again Hanna Schmitz hurt Michael and did not want his help, even worse, his love. Parra 4 In spite of Hanna Schmitz helped the young boy Michael Berg when he was sick and was an excellent worker, as a conclusion, it is clear that she was a manipulating and cruel person. She used the young boy Michael Berg to satisfy herself and killed a lot of people just because it was her job.She did not showed respect, human rights, and ethics in both cases. Actually, she can be considere d a selfish hypocrite prepotent person who just wanted her own benefit with no respect or care about the others around her. So, be careful; you do not want to be like Hanna Schmitz, right? Works Cited Fromm, Erich. Escape from freedom. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1941. Print. The reader. Dir. Stephen Daldry. Perf. Kate Winslet, Ralph Fiennes, and Bruno Ganz. Mirage, 2008. Film. Walker, Donal B. The Detah Penalthy: Legal Cruelty. USA Today, November 1983.

Research and Account Essay

Two carers were moving a service user from a bed to a chair using a hoist. they placed the hoist sling underneath the service user and then attached it to the hoist. Whilst the hoist was stationary one carer turned away to pick up the service users slippers and as a result the service user fell forward to the ground. The service user suffered wounds on their scalp and bruising to their head. The service user was taken to hospital but passed away 10 days later. It was found that the sling loop fixings were wrongly adjusted and a safety pommel was not used. In this report the carers were lacking in training and guidance to use the hoist from the company they worked for. One carer was not focused on the task of the service user being in hoist as she took on another task to get the slippers which meant she wasn’t aware of what the service user was doing. If the correct equipment was used and adjusted properly then that would have prevented the fall and death of this service user. When assisting a service user with a task whether it be small or large we always need to carry out the task using the correct equipment, and the correct members of staff to be present. Also our full attention should be on the task at all times and aware of what the service user is doing and what is happening around them. if not doing so then this could result in the service user falling or being injured and equipment could be damaged. Carers should always carry out a visual check of the equipment prior to using and if a problem arises should not be used and reported to the relevant person. Report 2 Michael Shorthouse suffered from Down’s Syndrome, learning difficulties and dementia. He moved into Cedars Care Home in May 2007 but, despite he’s families pleas over he’s treatment, within five months his health had deteriorated so much he had to be admitted to hospital. Whilst in hospital doctors found that he was seriously dehydrated, had developed acute kidney problems and pressure sores, and had aspiration pneumonia, which is an inflammation of the lungs caused by breathing in foreign material like food or liquids. Michael Shorthouse’s condition improved once he had been transferred to hospital and then moved into a different nursing home, but later died in 2010. Cedars Care Home was reported to Social Services and the Safeguarding Adults Office (SAO) which investigated and found that there had been overall neglect in the care given to Michael. Two years after Michael was admitted to hospital, the care home hadn’t improved and was given a zero- star rating in a Care Quality Commission inspection.

Customized Elarning Theory

Not to mention that there as little research done during the earlier years of Pigged, Bigotry, and his colleagues involving children with disabilities or mixed ability groups. Most of the research was focusing mainly on social and cognitive development. For the sake of this essay the learning theory Introduced will be called, The Development of the Well Rounded Child. This theory takes Into account not only the cognitive and social development of a child but also the mental, physical, moral and spiritual. In order for a child to develop in every area, educators must acknowledge that there is more to education and learning than â€Å"book† smarts.Children need to develop social skills as well as mental. Physical education is also very vital to the overall health off child. There also needs to be a certain amount of moral stability Instilled Into each student. Even If education Is taking place In a public classroom, teachers can model their Christian faith. According to Derrick Bell, we must recognize and acknowledge (at least to ourselves) that our actions are not likely to lead to transcendent change and, despite our best efforts, may be of more help to the system we despise than to the victims of that system that we are trying to help. Bell, D. 004, 192) First let's take a look at Visigoths theory. He focused on the connections between people and coloratura context In which they act and Interact in shared experiences. (Crawford, 1996) Visigoths theory Implies that students play an active role in the learning process. Pavlov introduced the theory of Classical Conditioning. Classical Conditioning is described as a reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus. (www. Learning-theories. Com) Albert Bandeau is known for evolving the Social-Learning Theory.This theory states that people learn through observing the behavior of others, their attitudes, and out comes of those behaviors. This theory, according to Bandeau, explains human behavior In terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. (Bandeau, 1977) Erickson is known for the theory of Personal and Social Development. The theory of Personal and Social development states that people pass through eight psychosocial stages in their lifetime. At each stage, there are crises or critical issues to be resolved.His theory emphasizes the role of the The stages are played out in constant interactions with others and with society as a whole. (Slaving, 2009) Pigged on the other hand is widely known for his theory of Cognitive and Moral Development. Piglet's theory proposes that a child's intellect or cognitive abilities progresses through four distinct stages. Each stage is characterized by the emergence of new abilities and ways of processing information. He also believed that moral development developed in predictable stages. (Slaving , 2009) Lastly, Goldberg is known for his Stages of Moral Reasoning.He proposed that people pass through six stages of moral Judgment. Like Pigged, Goldberg studied how children (and adults) reason about rules that govern their behavior in certain situations. (Slaving, 2009) All of these theorists had good ideas and each one proved a valid point but none of them, or any other ones since, have taken into account that children need to learn social skills as well as regular subjects such as reading, writing, math, history. None of the theorists have taken into account that technology would play such a vital role in education. Computers have opened up a whole new oral to students and teachers.Research is easier to do and faster to accomplish. The internet has made access to learning about other countries and subject matter literally at our finger tips. Part of being an effective teacher is knowing what types of students are in our class and helping them build relationships with their cl assmates and others. According to Venerable, teachers should care about their students. That means that they not only create a warm and supportive tone in their classroom but that they also provide an environment in which students will develop their talents to make a costive contribution to the classroom and to their future life contexts.Caring has both interpersonal and curricular implications, and they must complement each other. (Venerable, 2009) In order for a teacher to motivate the students, that teacher has to create the warm and inviting environment discussed earlier. There are times when direct instruction is necessary to achieve a desired goal. For example: when introducing a new subject to the class or reviewing for a test, direct instruction will help the teacher recognize if the students have learned the material that was taught. Classroom management can also be more easily attained if the right learning environment has been established.The best type of learning environ ment is one that allows the students to interact with the teacher and each other. Today technology has made it easier for teachers to teach at all different levels in one classroom and still have the control necessary to allow learning to take place. Computers, The Elm, voice amplifiers are Just a few of the new types of technology in the classroom today that have helped teachers be able to introduce material in creative and fun ways. This type of technology has allowed the classrooms to be filled with children from diverse ability groups.Students with learning disabilities can work at their own level and not hinder the rest of the class. Each child can have an opportunity to learn from another regardless of educational level if a well rounded learning theory is in practice. Teachers have adopted the idea of using centers in their classrooms to help students with learning disabilities stay on track with the rest of the class. By splitting the subject matter into centers the students can move from one area to the f teaching is self motivated and can be accomplished by anyone. According to Venerable, learning and teaching must take place in humble dependence on God.Schools are for learning. Teaching intends to promote learning, but learning also takes place through experience and individual study. A major aim of Christian teaching and learning is to discover God's laws and apply them in obedient response to God. The key point of this learning process is that teaching and learning points to God as the Creator and Sustainer of all reality, including the norms of human life. Venerable,2009) Van Bremen stated the learning process best by breaking it down into four categories. He stated that as we plan for learning, we develop knowledge-that, which depicts what we grasp and understand.Second we develop knowledge-how, which consists of our skills and abilities. Third we develop knowledge-why, which refers to the beliefs and values that guide our attitudes, disposition s, and actions. Finally we develop knowledge- with, which helps us form healthy relationships. (Venerable,2009) While creating my personalized learning theory I reflected back on my study skills inventory one and two, my learning styles inventory, and my BPML. As a teacher one of the most important aspects of my Job will be determined by my decision making processes.What type of lesson I plan, how I will present the lesson, what activities to include, time-line to use and many other aspects will need to be considered. The ASS' helped me look back at the areas I am weak in and evaluate what needs to be improved. As I reflect on the different learning styles that are currently being taught I see a great need for educators to create a new learning theory, like the one Vive introduced, that will address the whole child. As educators we are responsible for making sure that our students leave our class better than they came. They need to have matured spiritually, mentally, emotionally and even physically.In conclusion, although there have been some great psychologist and educators providing valid research and theories for learning and behavior development, none of them have been able to address all areas of learning in one theory. As educators our main goal should be to make sure students we are responsible for get the most well rounded educational experience possible. When a child leaves our care at the ND of the year, he/she should be more educated, have better social skills, and have a deeper understanding who they are and where they are headed regardless of age or any type disability they may have.One of my favorite sayings that I have carried close to my heart for years is, â€Å"Children Learn What They Live. † As educators it is our responsibility to make sure that what our students learn will make them better individuals that are prepared for the future no matter what it might bring. References Bandeau, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: Gen eral Learning Press Bell, D. 2004. Silent covenants: Brown v. He Board of Education and the unfulfilled hopes for racial reform. New York: Oxford University Press. Crawford, K. (1996).

Essay Football vs Rugby

Ricardo Pardey ID 596397911 Second Essay February 15, 2013 Football Vs. Rugby When I was a senior in high school, I played on my school’s rugby team. It was really excite and funny while I played almost all weekend even though it is not popular in Colombia. But then when I came to the United States, it catch my attention that everybody likes and watches Football and it made me contrast these two aggressive sports Rugby and Football. These two sports are almost the same, for example the object of both games is score points by carrying the ball beyond the possessive touchline and the ball has a prolonged spheroid shape.Even though they are similar in some aspects, the first big difference is related with the source. Rugby proceeds from England and Football from the USA. Because of their foundation, many small differences have been created that show the importance of the characteristics of the society and their impact on sports. First started with Football, this sport was created in the United State, which impacted the characteristics of the game. The major league of this sport is called the National Football League (NFL), and the major tournament is the Super Bowl.The rules of the game are; the game is formed by four 15-minute quarters with a half-time intermission, which shows that in the American mindset, it is better a lot of short times than a few very long halves. The field must had 120 yards long by 53. 3 yards wide, based on the measuring system used there. The ball is a prolonged spheroid, which is about 11 inches long and 22 inches in circumference and it, weight around 0. 875 lbs, to make the balloon aerodynamic so that it can travel longs distances. Each competitor must use helmets and padding during the game.The name of the things change, for example when you made a goal in Rugby it is called Try and in Football, touch down. Showing that the team can make unlimited substitution in each game but always having 11 players on the field, showing tha t in America the people believe that when anything stop working a hundred percent, it must be replaced by new ones One of the huge differences between Rugby and Football is that the number of substitutions that can be done by the coach in each game thanks to English cultural influence is 7.The other high-contact sport is Rugby, which was created in England. The major Tournament is the World Cup (Rugby Union) and the most known League is the Super 15; but there are a lot of leagues all over the world, among them are Aviva Prem, top 14, and in an international level NSW suburb rugby; Showing that the people play this sport all over the world not like Football, which is played only in a part of North America. The rules of this sport state that the ball must have the international 5 size, that means 27 cm long and 60 cm in circumference with a weigh around 1lb.The fields have 120 meters long by 70 meters wide according to the metric system. On the field there must be situated only 15 pl ayers. They play two halves of 40 minutes with a ten-minute half time. The additional difference is the size of the player, as they don’t use helmets or any other equipment except a mouth guard. They have wider backs, being the thinnest player just 81kg and the heaviest 201. 7kg. The name of a goal is Trying and after made a point one player kicks the ball between the goal posts to win more points.After seeing the specific characteristic of both sport and the reason why they have these differences, to summarize, Rugby and American Football are two sports with intense physical aggression and the same goal: carrying the ball beyond the opponents touch line and kicking the ball between the goal post after they make the point. Even though they are parallel in some aspects; there are differences based on the source, such as the size of the ball, the field and the players, the length of the game and the number of substitutions permitted per team.In my personal experience, the place where the sport is created has a huge relation with the characteristics of the game. Because for example as football was created in the US the people over there like it because it is according to their characteristics; however, in the opposite side if a sport was created in a different country and the people want to play it, they will face some things can be consider whether not loved and strange, since recreation with Rugby in Colombia is not popular.

Intro to business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intro to business - Essay Example The rationale behind this is that I also follow rules, guidelines and policies within a system and prefer not to deviate. I still do allow some creativity in decision making but I make sure I am within the given set of parameters. Perhaps, my personality type is beneficial to me since I stick to order and structure which gives me discipline. It is important for an employee to have self-discipline such as coming to work in time. Over-all, I believe the assessments are reliable and valid since they exhibited most of my personality attributes. The assessments clearly identified my characteristics which I found amusing at the same time informative. Because of the assessments, I learned more about myself and the result gives me an idea on how I could adopt to other personality types in a workplace setting. 2. Yes, I would use the assessment since it provides me a good background of the person. Personality tests are used nowadays by companies to ascertain of the person can fit into the right job. The Jung Typology Test gives the manager a good insight on how the prospective employee interacts with other people. If I were hiring for a customer-service oriented job, I might not prefer to hire introverts with a high score since they may not be able to handle complaints well. Their performance behavior may suffer since they get stressed out easily by interaction. Although, it actually depends on the industry when using these assessments. If I were to hire a programmer, then I need to have one who has a certain personality type. One who needs not much interaction but would rather be left alone doing his work. If I make a mistake in matching the personality type with the job, then counterproductive behaviors maybe exhibited by the employee since they get demotivated. 3. I am a Theory Y manager. I believe that people, when given a sense of responsibility that matches their skills and knowledge can be very productive. People are not inherently lazy,

Course Project-Research Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Course Project-Research Proposal - Assignment Example to be protected by their respective governments from such fraudulent individuals but they also have a responsibility to take all the necessary precautionary measures to minimize their exposure to identity theft. 1) Having one’s identity taken away by individuals with wrong motive is one of the most difficult things for the individual to deal with. It could interpret to inability to pay bills or even worse, inability to obtain credit besides exposing the person to more destructive eventualities. 2) Although am not an expert in the field of identity theft, it is self-evident that everybody is a potential victim of such occurrences. This implies that it is necessary for all to be equipped with the appropriate information on how to deal with such modern realities. Through the exploration of some experts’ work within the field of identity theft, I am able to establish my credibility in responding to the issues surrounding identity theft. Such experts include Saleh (2013), Mulig, Smith and Stambaugh (2014), and Biegelman (2002). 2) My secondary audience will be my professor in this course as well as fellow classmates, some of whom have been victims of identity theft and who would desire greater exposure on precautionary measures to protect themselves from such future recurrences. 3) Except for some few individuals who believe there is nothing much one can do to protect themselves from identity thieves, majority of my audiences share in my school of thought that it is possible to create a wall between oneself and such fraudulent individuals. From exploration of a number of literatures, it is evident that identity theft is often a crime of opportunity, which implies that precautionary measures can go a long way in reducing risks. Most of the attacks have been made possible because of negligence and loopholes created by the victims themselves, thus they have a significant role to play in ensuring that they are safe. It is a fact that both technology and hackers