Islam a Religion of Peace Essay

And then there is the question of characterizing Islam as â€Å"peaceful† and doing so under duress. That is, when you are being pursued and hounded by people who brand you as totally irrational and uncontrollably violent. So, you have a knee-jerk reaction, purely defensive and purely self-protective and blurt out that you are a â€Å"peaceful religion. † And you are absolutely and one hundred percent right in saying that. For, Islam is all about peace and truth and justice and kindness and compassion. But that is not what your accusers and tormenters are saying. They are pointing to all the violence that is going on in different parts of the Muslim world, violence in which Muslims are involved in one way or another, and saying that it is all Islam’s fault. But what some of these people conveniently forget is that there are all kinds of background factors and conditions that lead to violence in individuals, groups, nations and societies. They forget that peace is one state of human life and reality. Another is strife and conflict. A third reality of human life is force. Peace is the ideal state to which we all aspire and toward which we all work. Strife is the sad and gloomy reality in which human life is all too often mired. Legitimate, lawful and societally sanctioned force is the instrument that human beings have devised for minimizing and controlling strife and for maximizing peace. The foundation of true and lasting peace on earth and in any society is justice, love, compassion, integrity, truth, reasonableness and sound morality. Where this foundation is absent or weak, and where people’s most basic needs and legitimate rights and aspirations are not met, and are persistently and blatantly denied, chances of stable and lasting peace are minimized or jeopardized. All too often, then, those who have been systematically denied their basic and legitimate rights, and who are not allowed by nations, societies and governments any rightful recourse to the redress of their lawful grievances, begin to resort to force and violence as an instrument of resistance to their domination, subjugation and exploitation by others and for the amelioration of their situation. There are all kinds of university books, full of all kinds of theories, that explain why and how people develop violent tendencies and behavior.

Hr Live Project on Job Satisfaction & Employee Satisfaction

AMITY UNIVERSITY AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL(AIBS) PROjECT REPORT ON Job Satisfaction & Employee satisfaction AT Areva T&D India Ltd. , Noida SUBMITTED TO: Ms. CHITRA KRISHNAN GROUP MEMBERS * PRIYAL AGARWAL(A1802012201) * JAMSHED SHABIR() * GARIMA ARORA() * HARSH GOEL() * ASHISH TANWAR() sECTION- C MBA-IB Introduction In the present scenario of business world the only thing that is confirmed is change. Competent employees will not remain competent forever.Their skills can deteriorate; technology may make their skills obsolete; the organization may move into new areas changing the type of jobs that exist and the skills necessary to do them. Human Resource is the discipline which drives business competitiveness by identifying that constant change in the business trends, hence need for constant up gradation of the employee’s skills and implementing it with a variety of methods and training programs. Quality without creativity is meaningless as changes grow ever more unpre dictable creativity is rapidly becoming recognized a core management skill.Today’s business environment demands that manager posses a wide range of knowledge skills and competencies, as well as sound understanding of management process and function. Managers need to be able to make best use of their time, talent and of other people to work with and through others to achieve corporate objectives. They also need to demonstrate their ability not merely to solve problems, but to transform them and design ways through them. This report concerns job satisfaction level and organizational climate, which are the important function in every organization.AREVA, World energy expert, offers its customer technological solutions for highly reliable nuclear power generation and electricity transmission and distribution. With manufacturing facilities in 43 countries and a sales network in more than 100, AREVA offers customers reliable technological solutions for CO2- free power generation and electricity transmission and distribution. AREVA is the world leader in nuclear power and the only company to cover all industrial activities in this field.AREVA business help meet the 21st century’s greatest challenges: making energy available to all, protecting the planet, and acting responsible toward future generation. As a solution provider, AREVA T&D bring together and optimizes capabilities from different disciplines, T&D business and third party suppliers, to address customers’ specific problem, however complex, and add value to their business. The overall project report provides analysis of Job satisfaction and employee satisfaction in Areva T&D India Ltd, Noida.The employees of Areva T&D India Ltd have different attitude towards organization. There are different dimensions through which we can analyze the attitude of the employees of the organization. COMPANY profile AREVA, World energy expert, offers its customer technological solutions for highly reliable nuclear power generation and electricity transmission and distribution. With manufacturing facilities in 43 countries and a sales network in more than 100, AREVA offers customers reliable technological solutions for CO2- free power generation and electricity transmission and istribution. AREVA is the world leader in nuclear power and the only company to cover all industrial activities in this field. AREVA business help meet the 21st century’s greatest challenges: making energy available to all, protecting the planet, and acting responsible toward future generation. AREVA T&D INDIA AREVA T&D is a worldwide specialist in Transmission & Distribution. We design, manufacture and supply a complete range of products, systems and services for all stages in the transfer of electricity from generator to the large end user.We are pioneers in the field of Protection & Control with a proven track record of over eight decades. Our team of T&D engineers is the largest team dedicated to T&D solutions. About 75% of the country’s load flow is managed by our Energy Management Systems.. AREVA T&D’s products and systems serve to transmit and distribute electricity, ensure the reliability, quality and safety of energy flows, as well as operate efficient networks through information management.AREVA T&D offers a global response to customer’s service needs delivered by locally based resources in the areas of: * Network consulting & equipment expertise and diagnosis. * Erection, commissioning and supervision. * Maintenance, including spares management. * Repair and emergency support. * Renovation and refurbishment. * Operation and asset management. * Training. As a solution provider, AREVA T&D bring together and optimizes capabilities from different disciplines, T&D business and third party suppliers, to address customers’ specific problem, however complex, nd add value to their business. AREVAT&D enhance customers’ capabilities by bringing to them answers developed by market segments, through best practices and industry-specific expertise in: * Power Engineering * Distribution Power * Oil & Gas * Water * Pulp & Glass * Railways * Mining & Metals At AREVA T&D, innovation is key to successfully differentiating and continuously gaining market share. The company spends 3% of sales (150 Million) on research and development. This allocation is then used for each of the regions, where AREVA T&D has business activities.India is a key region for allocation of such Research & Development funds. AREVA T&D currently employs over 4300 people in India across 8 manufacturing Units and 22 Sales Offices. Your Company has been trend-setter in the field of high voltage switchgear and was the first to build the 765 kV Sub-station in India with National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) at SIPAT, Chhattisgarh. Around 70% of power flow in India’s transmission grids is managed by AREVA T&D’s Automation solutions.Your Comp any has to its credit a complete range of T&D Products, Systems, Services and Automation solutions. Areva Joint Venture AREVA’s Transmission and Distribution division has announced today the signing of an agreement to form a 50/50 joint venture with the Russian company, United Company RUSAL (UC RUSAL), the world’s largest producer of aluminum. The joint venture will become the preferred supplier for turnkey projects, electrical equipment and services in the T&D field for UC RUSAL’s plants and is expected to generate $500 million in orders over the next five years.Through this partnership, UC RUSAL will secure key competencies to support its fast growing production capacity. For AREVA, partnering with UC RUSAL will enable the company to strengthen its position on the booming electro-intensive industries market, and to further develop its activities in Russia. AREVA has longstanding experience and expertise in developing high direct current electricity supply syst ems for aluminum production sites around the world. In 2006, it designed and installed such a customized electrical system for UC RUSAL’s Sayanogorsk site in Siberia.Philippe Guillemot, Chairman and CEO of AREVA’s Transmission and Distribution division, said: â€Å"This new partnership is in line with our strategy to reinforce our presence on the industries market. It also illustrates our strong commitment to support UC RUSAL’s development strategy by ensuring its secure access to key competencies in the electrical field. † More about with manufacturing facilities in 41 countries and a sales network in more than 100 countries, AREVA offers customers reliable technological solutions for CO2-free power generation and electricity transmission and distribution.We are the world leader in nuclear power and the only company to cover all industrial activities in this field. Our 61,000 employees are committed to continuous improvement on a daily basis, making sust ainable development the focal point of the group’s industrial strategy. AREVA’s businesses help meet the 21st century’s greatest challenges:   making energy available to all, protecting the planet, and acting responsibly towards future generations. AREVA's T;D division is an active player around the globe.It designs, manufactures and supplies a complete range of equipment, systems and services for all stages in the transfer of electricity, from the generator to the large end-user. global presence We are one of the world's leading T&D companies. We have over 25,000 employees located in more than 30 countries, with a dedicated sales force serving customers in over 100 countries. AREVA NP  is the world leader in the design and construction of nuclear power plants and research reactors, engineering, instrumentation and control, modernization, maintenance and repair services, component manufacture and supply of nuclear fuel.The jointly-owned company is headquarte red in Paris, with regional subsidiaries in the U. S. and Germany. AREVA has a 66% and Siemens a 34% stake in AREVA NP. VISION AND MISSION Vision AREVA is to make the high profile of company and to create the brand name in the whole words. Their best products are for transmission and distribution. Mission At AREVA they face new and exciting challenges every day as they support the needs of customers. But there’s also a bigger picture to career.Businesses help to meet the needs of the great endeavors of the 21st century – making energy available to all, protecting the planet, and acting responsibly for future generations. It’s a vision that includes innovating cleaner, safer, and more attainable energy to drive economies, develop cultures, and deepen life experiences. LOCATION DETAILS AREVA T&D INDIA LIMITED. is located at Allahabad which is in the heart of the city where service is easily available for all customer and easy access compare with other place that a vailable in city. Location has major impact on success or failure of operation.Advantages of this type of location are that service cost and distribution cost is minimum comparison with other place. The major investor service centers of Transformer & Distribution are as below. Our study is on its location in Noida. LAYOUT DETAILS There is a plan of all the act of planning & optimum arrangement of planning including flow of man & material and customer, operating equipment, storage space, material handling equipments and all other supporting services along with the design of best structure to contain all these facilities.PLANNING AND CONTROL It is useful for effective utilization of resources, to achieve organization goal and objectives with respect to quality service, cost control timely service to co-ordinate with other department to ensure continuous quality service. There is a proper planning and planning with respect to which type of scheme to be introduced, what are expenses of R&D for finding out feasibility of that scheme, how many people will work on that particular job, before introducing new scheme.There is special research department for carrying out the analysis of market and there is a fund manager who carries out all planning for investing in various sector and he is also responsible for controlling the cost of transaction so that it can give return to investors. PRODUCTION & MAINTENANCE The production engineers ensure that the level of production complies with customer requirements, test and maintain the facilities. AREVA is looking for young professionals who are keen to face technical challenges in the field, and to get involved in team management. ————————————————-IMPROVEMENT & PROTECTION AREVA’s line of business is highly demanding in terms of quality, safety and environmental preservation. Those working in these fields are o f major importance to the group and contribute to its overall performance. As a result, the professions linked to these fields have a very important place within the group, and contribute to the company's overall performance. ————————————————- CUSTOMER SUPPORT AND SATISFACTION AREVA manages and develops technical and industrial solutions to meet customer requirements.Our sales engineers develop and maintain customer relations, prepare bids, negotiate and manage contracts and offer after-sales service. The role of the sales engineers is to develop and maintain customer relations. Prepare offers, negotiate and manage contracts and provide after-sales service. MANAGEMENT ; DEVELOPMENT Like other companies that work in complex fields and very different countries, AREVA uses its support activities to promote the strategic and functional development of the group. All of its exec utives and managers use expert skills to carry out their duties.JOB SATISFACTION Job satisfaction is how content an individual is with his or her job. Scholars and human resource professionals generally make a distinction between affective job satisfaction and cognitive job satisfaction. Affective job satisfaction is the extent of pleasurable emotional feelings individuals have about their jobs overall, and is different to cognitive job satisfaction which is the extent of individuals’ satisfaction with particular facets of their jobs, such as pay, pension arrangements, working hours, and numerous other aspects of their jobs.Job satisfaction is a subjective, personal state perceived by the individual as being in his favor. It is the result of various attitudes possessed by worker. In a narrow sense, these attitudes are related to the job and conditions, advancement opportunities, and recognition of abilities, fair residual of grievances and other similar items. FACTORS AFFECTI ON JOB SATISFACTION * Working Conditions Because employees spend so much time in their work environment each week, it's important for companies to try to optimize working conditions.Such things as providing spacious work areas rather than cramped ones, adequate lighting and comfortable work stations contribute to favorable work conditions. Providing productivity tools such as upgraded information technology to help employees accomplish tasks more efficiently contributes to job satisfaction as well. * Opportunity for Advancement Employees are more satisfied with their current job if they see a path available to move up the ranks in the company and be given more responsibility and along with it higher compensation.Many companies encourage employees to acquire more advanced skills that will lead to the chance of promotion. Companies often pay the cost of tuition for employees taking university courses, for example. During an employee's annual performance review, a supervisor should map out a path showing her what she needs to accomplish and what new skills she needs to develop in order to be on a track to advancement within the organization. * Workload and Stress Level Dealing with a workload that is far too heavy and deadlines that are impossible to reach can cause job satisfaction to erode for even the most dedicated employee.Falling short of deadlines results in conflict between employees and supervisors and raises the stress level of the workplace. Many times, this environment is caused by ineffective management and poor planning. The office operates in a crisis mode because supervisors don't allow enough time for employees to perform their assigned tasks effectively or because staff levels are inadequate. * Respect from Co-Workers Employees seek to be treated with respect by those they work with. A hostile work environment — with rude or unpleasant coworkers — is one that usually has lower job satisfaction. * Relationship with SupervisorsEffect ive managers know their employees need recognition and praise for their efforts and accomplishments. Employees also need to know their supervisor's door is always open for them to discuss any concerns they have that are affecting their ability to do their jobs effectively and impeding their satisfaction at the office. * Financial Rewards Job satisfaction is impacted by an employee's views about the fairness of the company wage scale as well as the current compensation she may be receiving. Companies need to have a mechanism in place to evaluate employee performance and provide salary increases to top performers.Opportunities to earn special incentives, such as bonuses, extra paid time off or vacations, also bring excitement and higher job satisfaction to the workplace. EMPLOYEE SATSFACTION Employee satisfaction is essential to the success of any business. A high rate of employee contentedness is directly related to a lower turnover rate. Thus, keeping employees’ satisfied wit h their careers should be a major priority for every employer. While this is a well-known fact in management practices, economic downturns like the current one seem to cause employers to ignore it.There are numerous reasons why employees can become discouraged with their jobs and resign, including high stress, lack of communication within the company, lack of recognition, or limited opportunity for growth. Management should actively seek to improve these factors if they hope to lower their turnover rate. Even in an economic downturn, turnover is an expense best avoided. Employee satisfaction surveys provide the information needed to improve levels of productivity, job satisfaction, and loyalty. Organizations can identify the root causes of job issues and create solutions for improvements with an accurate perspective of employee views.There is a direct link between employee job satisfaction and financial results. The happier your employees are the more motivated and committed they wi ll be to your organization’s success. RESEARCH METHODOLOGEY Research is in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define research as scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. Well, all possess the vital instinct of inquisitiveness for, when the unknown confronts, we wonder and our inquisitiveness makes us probe and attain full data and fuller understanding of the unknown, can be termed as research.Research comprises defining and redefining problem, suggesting solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching conclusion and at lest carefully testing the conclusion. RESEARCH DESIGN A research design is the arrangement of conditions for the collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine the relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure. In fact the research design is the conceptual structure within research is conducted, if it constitutes the blueprints f or the collection measurement and the analysis of the data. DATA COLLECTIONBoth primary as well as the secondary data have their own importance, and I have collected data from primary as well as secondary sources, but how ever in my project work I have focused more on primary data. As stated, the primary data as collected with the help of questionnaire comprising of by questions. All the employees that constituted sample were approached individually. Secondary data was collected from Areva T&D India Ltd. by: * books * Journals * Websites * Internet * Other sources. SAMPLING A sample size of 50 employees (Male & Female both) working in Areva T&D India Ltd. ere taken into consideration. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE The target group comprised the employees of Areva T&D India Ltd. the sample was distributed in equal ratio both male and female officer. The respondents were selected randomly from HRD in Areva T&D India Ltd. QUESTIONNAIRE Name  : AGE:GENDER: QUALIFICATION:EXPERIENCE: GRADE:DEPARTM ENT: YEARS OF SERVICE: The statements that follow are related to company, organization, organization climate and their job. Kindly indicate the extent to which you agree with each statement by encircling any of the following options: * 1 Strongly Agree * 2 Agree 3 Disagree * 4 Strongly Disagree Q1. Areva T&D India Ltd. is a good company to work in? | 1 2 3 4| Q2. The salary provided to you is competitive with those of other companies? | 1 2 3 4| Q3. Monetary benefits such as bonus, allowances etc. , are provided to you according to the industries practice. | 1 2 3 4| Q4. Are you provided with sufficient opportunities for personal growth by the company? | 1 2 3 4| Q5. Is the job assigned to you according to your qualification and caliber? | 1 2 3 4| Q6. Does your job make the best use of your abilities? 1 2 3 4| Q7. Is your career growth in the company commensurate with your skill? | 1 2 3 4| Q8. Is Adequate job security provided to you by the company? | 1 2 3 4| Q9. Do you feel that you have contributed in accomplishing the organization climate goal? | 1 2 3 4| Q10. Do you involve yourself in your work? | 1 2 3 4| Q11. Do you feel proud by doing the important work in this organization? | 1 2 3 4| Q12. Are adequate responsibilities provided to you for your personal and organizational growth? | 1 2 3 4| Q13. Do you feel that your work load is challenging but not burdensome? 1 2 3 4| Q14. Are your working conditions congenial to perform the task assigned to you? | 1 2 3 4| Q15. Does your team member equally contribute for each other's goals? | 1 2 3 4| Q16. Are the people you are working with highly motivating and hard working? | 1 2 3 4| Q17. Are your colleagues are cordial to you in the organization? | 1 2 3 4| Q18. Are your subordinates loyal to you? | 1 2 3 4| Q19. Do you feel to tell your boss what you think? | 1 2 3 4| Q20. Does the response from your boss create confidence in your work? | 1 2 3 4| graphical data interpretationsQ1) Areva T;D India Ltd. is a good company to work in? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 14| 14| Agree| 10| 9| Disagree | 1| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 1| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-95% Agreed working men-90% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-92. 5% * Analysis:- Almost all employees agree that Areva T;D India Ltd. is a good company to work with. There were hardly any employees disagreeing with the statement. This shows that Areva T;D has a good environment where employees are willing to work. Q2) The salary provided to you is competitive with those of other companies? Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 14| 12| Agree| 10| 11| Disagree | 1| 2| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-95% Agreed Working Men-95% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-95% * Analysis:- 95% employees have agreed that the salary provided to them is comparable with those of similarly placed industries which show that the employees are very much satisfied with the basic salary provided to them by the organiza tion. Q3) Monetary benefits such as bonus, allowances etc. , are provided to you according to the industries practice. | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 12| 12|Agree| 11| 13| Disagree | 1| 0| Strongly Disagree| 2| 0| Others | 1| 0| * Response:- Agreed working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-81% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-90. 5% * Analysis:- 100% female employees feel that the monetary benefits like bonus, allowances provided by the company are in accordance into industries practice whereas only 81% male employees have agreed with female employees. Q4) Are you provided with sufficient opportunities for personal growth by the company. | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 12| 11| Agree| 11| 13| Disagree | 1| 0| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 1| 1| * Response:-Agreed Working Women-90% Agreed Working Men-83% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-86. 5% * Analysis:- Majority of employees believe that there are growth opportunities available in the company. This helps to retain the employees in the organ ization and also to reduce the employee turnover of the company. Q5) Is the job assigned to you according to your qualification and caliber? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 10| 11| Agree| 10| 9| Disagree | 3| 2| Strongly Disagree| 0| 1| Others | 2| 2| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-86% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-83% * Analysis:- It appears that ? f women employees feel that they are assigned the jobs in accordance to their qualification and caliber whereas 80% men agree that their jobs have been assigned in accordance to their qualification and caliber. Thus, according to us for future aspects the human resource manager should see that he is able to provide the employees the work they excel in. Q6) Does your job makes the best use of your abilities? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 10| 12| Agree| 11| 8| Disagree | 4| 4| Strongly Disagree| 0| 1| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-80% Agreed Working Men-84% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-82% * Anal ysis:-Comparatively, less percentage of respondents feel that their abilities are not properly utilized or cashed by the company for performing jobs. Hence, it is a very good sign for the organization. Q7) Is your career growth in the company commensurate with your skill? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 10| 11| Agree| 11| 12| Disagree | 1| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 3| 1| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-92% Agreed Working Men-86% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-88% * Analysis:- 92% women feel that their growth in the organization is in accordance with the skills they possess whereas 86% men agreed with this statement.This perhaps reveal that men are more satisfied related to their skill applied and their job position as compared to women. Q8) Is Adequate job security provided to you by the company? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 13| 14| Agree| 12| 11| Disagree | 0| 0| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-100% Aggr egate Agreed Percentage-100% * Analysis:- Each agreed employee feels secure on the job in Areva T;D India Ltd and through this we can analyze that the employee turnover rate in the company would be very less.Q9) Do you feel that you have contributed in accomplishing the organization climate goal? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 12| 11| Agree| 11| 10| Disagree | 2| 3| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women:-87. 5% Agreed Working Men:- 90% Aggregate Agreed Percentage:-88. 75% * Analysis:- Company has achieved its goal with proper contribution of both male and female employees and this is supported by 87. 5% women and 90% men. It also reveals that the self analysis of employees is in tune with the organization’s achievements. Q10) Do you involve yourself in your work. Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 13| 16| Agree| 12| 9| Disagree | 0| 0| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-100% Aggrega te Agreed Percentage-100% * Analysis:- All male and female employees respond that they involve themselves in their work i. e. they are sincere towards their work which is a healthy point in the organization. Q11) Do you feel proud by doing the important work in this organization? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 13| 14| Agree| 12| 11| Disagree | 0| 0| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:-Agreed working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-100% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-100% * Analysis:- Majority of employee’s favor that they are holding the important task in this organization and they are performing them very proudly. Thus we can analyze that the level of job satisfaction is high. Q12) Are adequate responsibilities provided to you for your personal and organizational growth? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 6| 10| Agree| 14| 12| Disagree | 5| 2| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 1| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-88% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percen tage-84% * Analysis:- 8% of the working women employees and 80% of men have agreed with the statement that the responsibilities provided to them for their personal and organizational growth are adequate. We can analyze that the company is maintaining a high level of employee satisfaction. Q13) Do you feel that your work load is challenging but not burdensome? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 8| 10| Agree| 12| 11| Disagree | 2| 3| Strongly Disagree| 2| 1| Others | 1| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women:-86% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-83% * Analysis:- 86% of female employees and 80% of male employees of Areva T;D India Ltd. re enjoying their job as a challenge, and do not feel that their work is burden on them. This reveals that officers by and large are ready to perform challenging jobs. Q14) Are your working conditions congenial to perform the task assigned to you? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 11| 12| Agree| 13| 10| Disagree | 1| 3| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0 | Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed working women-88% Agreed Working Men-96% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-92% * Analysis:- 92% of respondents feel that Areva T;D India Ltd. provides favorable working conditions to perform different task.This is one of the reasons behind high level of performance that the employees have been giving. Q15) Does your team members equally contribute for each other's goals.? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 12| 13| Agree| 11| 11| Disagree | 2| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed working women-96% Agreed Working Men-92% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-94% * Analysis:- Majority of employees agree to the fact that there is proper team work and understanding amongst the employees of Areva T&D Ltd. for achieving the goals. This also reveals that the goals of the organization and the employees are aligned.Q16) Are the people you are working with highly motivating and hard working.? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 10| 11| Agree| 12| 9| Disa gree | 2| 3| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 2| 1| * Response:- Agreed working women-84% Agreed Working Men-84% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-84% * Analysis:- Encouragement and motivation to work hard and to perform with rigor in Areva T&D India ltd. is supported by 84% of male and female employees. This reveals that the organizational climate in Areva T&D Ltd. is motivating for the employees, and also that supervision and leadership in the organization is par satisfactory.Q17) Are your colleagues are cordial to you in the organization? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 12| 13| Agree| 11| 10| Disagree | 4| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 1| * Response:- Agreed working women-92% Agreed Working Men-84% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-88% * Analysis:- Majority of employees agree that their colleagues are cordial to them. This reveals that by and large there is no conflict amongst employees and good spirit exists among employees irrespective of gender and the responsibilities assigned . Q18) Are your subordinates loyal to you? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 5| 9| Agree| 13| 12|Disagree | 2| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 5| 3| * Response:- Agreed working women-84% Agreed Working Men-72% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-78% * Analysis:- 84% of female employees feel that their subordinates are loyal to them, where as in the case of male employees the sense dependence is only 72%. This reveals that there might be some dissatisfaction in the minds of the supervisors towards their subordinates, and also that the employees are not satisfied with the leadership skills of the supervisors. Q19) Do you feel to tell your boss what you think? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 5| 11|Agree| 15| 12| Disagree | 2| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 3| 1| * Response:- Agreed working women-92% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-86% * Analysis:- A very good percentage of respondents say that there is openness in Areva T&D India Ltd. , as they are free to discuss t heir problems and suggestions with their boss. It reveals that there is an open door policy in Areva T&D Ltd. and freedom to express their ideas. This also shows that the flow of communication in the organization is very good and supportive, as opportunities are provided to the employees to express themselves.Q20) Does the response from your boss creates confidence in your work? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 10| 11| Agree| 13| 12| Disagree | 1| 2| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 1| 0| * Response:- Agreed working women-92% Agreed Working Men-92% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-92% * Analysis:- A good percentage of employees feel that their boss is having encouraging motivating personality whose response builds confidence in their work. This shows that the leadership, direction and motivation skills of the managers are par satisfactory. FINDINGS It is found that more number of employees both women and men are satisfied with the benefits and incentives provided to them in Areva T&D Ind ia Ltd. * It is found that both men and women equally agree that the salary provided to them is comparable to the industry and satisfied with their company. * Majority of men and women agree that proper oppurtunities are available in the industry. * It is found that the majority of women feel that they have contributed in accomplishing in company’s goal as compared to men. * It is found that most of men feel that their team members contribute equally for each others goal. It is found that all the empolyees agree that they have maintained a good team spirit amongst them. * It is found that more percentage of men employees feel that the job assigned to them is according to their qualification and caliber than women employees. LIMITATIONS of the study * There is a limited sample size i. e. only 50 which is small because the aim of the study was to look into difference in the responces of male and female employees. However, the number of working female employees were less as comp ared to the male employees in the organisation and the data was collected in equal ratio from both males as well as females. As the questionnaire was distributed amongest various employees of Areva T&D India Ltd. few of the employees were hasitant in answering the questionaries. * Some of the employees in Areva T&D India Ltd. were given enough time to answer to questionnaire but still they were not able to do the required. * Some employees did not respond few questions because they were not sure about the answer as the questionair was in the objective form. * A very busy as well as hectic scedule was prevalent which was an obstruction.

Mkt 421 Week 1

Summary of Point Values for Course Assignments ASSIGNMENTSPoints Individual (75%) Defining Marketing Paper (Week 1) (Sunday, January 8th, 2012)8 Marketing Mix Paper (Week 2) (Sunday, January 15th, 2012)8 Marketing Research Paper (Week 3) (Sunday, January 22nd, 2012)8 â€Å"Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing† Simulation Summary (Week 4) (Sunday, January 29th, 2012)8 Environmental Factors Paper (Week 5) (Sunday, February 5th, 2012)8 Final Examination (Week 5) (Monday, February 6th, 2012)15 Participation (2 points per week, ? point per qualifying day – 2 substantive posts = qualifying day)10 Weekly Summaries (2 points per week)10 Learning Team (25%) Marketing Plan: Phase I Paper (Week 2) (Monday, January 16th, 2012)5 Marketing Plan: Phase II Paper (Week 3) (Monday, January 23rd, 2012)5 Marketing Plan: Phase III Paper (Week 4) (Monday, January 30th, 2012)5 Marketing Plan: Final Paper (Week 5) (Monday, February 6th, 2012)10 Total100 Week One: Marketing Fundamentals DetailsDuePoints Objectives1. 1Define marketing. 1. 2Explain the importance of marketing in organizational success. 1. 3Describe the elements of the marketing mix. 1. 4Explain the importance of the marketing mix in the development of marketing strategy and tactics. . 5Create a marketing plan. 1. 6Identify quantifiable elements that can be used to evaluate, monitor, and control marketing effectiveness. ReadingsRead Ch. 1 & 2 of Basic Marketing. Read Ch. 1 & 2 of Marketing Management. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. Remember to participate in the class discussions 4 out of 7 days duri ng the week. (2 points per week, ? point per qualifying day – 2 substantive posts = qualifying day)2 Discussion QuestionsRespond to weekly discussion questions. Discussion questions will count as participation. Learning Team InstructionsResources: University Library, Internet Create the Learning Team Charter. (Due Week 1) Create a new product or service for an existing organization. LEARNING TEAM MUST HAVE INSTRUCTOR APPROVAL ON PRODUCT AND ORGANIZATION PRIOR TO STARTING ON PHASE 1. Begin working on the Marketing Plan. Your Learning Team will complete assignments related to creating a Marketing Plan. These assignments will culminate in the Marketing Plan: Final Paper and Presentation due in Week Five. POST: Final Deliverables Folder in Team Forum The Marketing Plan deliverables are: Marketing Plan: Phase I Paper (Due Week 2) Marketing Plan: Phase II Paper (Due Week 3) Marketing Plan: Phase III Paper (Due Week 4) Marketing Plan: Final Paper and Presentation (Due Week 5)Monday, January 9th Individual Defining Marketing Resource: University Library Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you define marketing. Include in your paper your personal definition of marketing and definitions from two different sources. Based on these definitions, explain the importance of marketing in organizational success. Provide at least three examples from the business world to support your explanation. Properly cite sources used in the paper. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. A Certificate of Originality should be included. Sunday, January 8th 8 Individual Weekly SummaryPost your summary in the Main forum and begin responding to each other's summaries. Summaries should include key learning points for the week. Summaries should be at least 200 words. POST: Summary thread for each week in the main forum. Monday, January 9th2 Week Two: Marketing Research DetailsDuePoints Objectives2. 1Justify the importance of marketing research in the development of marketing strategy and tactics. . 2Analyze the importance of competitive intelligence and analysis in marketing. 2. 3Identify various segmentation criteria that impact target market selection. 2. 4Describe the various types of organizational buyers and consumers and the factors that influence their purchasing decisions. ReadingsRead Ch. 8 of Marketing. Read Ch. 4, 5, & 6 of Marketing: An Introduction. Review this week†™s Electronic Reserve Readings. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. Remember to participate in the class discussions 4 out of 7 days during the week. (2 points per week, ? oint per qualifying day – 2 substantive posts = qualifying day)2 Discussion QuestionsRespond to weekly discussion questions. Discussion questions will count as participation. Individual Marketing MixResources: University Library, Internet Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which you describe the elements of the marketing mix (product, place, price, and promotion), utilizing three different sources. In addition, select an organization with which you are familiar and describe how each one of the four elements of the marketing mix affects the development of the organization’s marketing strategy and tactics. Describe how each element is implemented. Specifically identify your selected organization and the industry in which it exists. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. A Certificate of Originality should be included. Sunday, January 15th8 Learning Team Marketing Plan: Phase IResources: University Library, Internet Create a new product or service for an existing organization. This product or service will be the basis for your Marketing Plan Paper. Obtain your instructor’s approval of your product or service before beginning this project. Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper to include the following: †¢An overview of the existing organization †¢A description of the new product or service †¢An explanation of the importance of marketing to your selected organization’s success †¢A SWOTT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, and Trends) analysis on the new product or service †¢The marketing research approach you would use to develop the marketing strategy and tactics for this new product or service Refer to the Marketing Plan Outline listed on the student website for the general framework of the Marketing Plan. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. A Certificate of Originality should be included. Monday, January 16th5 Individual Peer EvaluationAfter each Learning Team project, you will be asked to complete a Peer Evaluation to assess the contributions of each member of your Learning Team (including yourself). I will take these Peer Evaluations into account when assessing individual contributions to the Learning Team projects. The Peer Evaluation form and instructions for posting are included in a separate message in the Course Materials forum. POST: Individual Forum Monday, January 16th Individual Weekly SummaryPost your summary in the Main forum and begin responding to each other's summaries. Summaries should include key learning points for the week. Summaries should be at least 200 words. POST: Summary thread for each week in the main forum. Monday, January 16th2 Week Three: Marketing Strategy: Product and Price DetailsDuePoints Objectives3. 1Describe the relationship between differentiation and position of products or services. 3. 2Analyze the impact of the product life cycle on marketing. . 3Identify the appropriate price strategy that should be used in the development of the strategic marketing plan. ReadingsRead Ch. 4, 9, 10, 17, & 18 of Basic Marketing. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. Remember to participate in the class discussions 4 out of 7 days during the week. (2 points per week, ? point per qualifying day – 2 substantive posts = qualif ying day)2 Discussion QuestionsRespond to weekly discussion questions. Discussion questions will count as participation. Individual Marketing ResearchResources: University Library, Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization Use the Virtual Organization link on the student website to access additional company information on Kudler Fine Foods. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you justify the importance of marketing research in the development of Kudler Fine Food’s marketing strategy and tactics, and identify the areas where additional market research is needed. Analyze the importance of competitive intelligence and analysis in regards to the development of Kudler Fine Food’s marketing strategy and tactics. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. A Certificate of Originality should be included. Sunday, January 22nd8 Learning Team Marketing Plan: Phase IIResources: University Library, Internet Use the product or service you selected for your Marketing Plan: Phase I Paper. Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which you address the following: Identify the segmentation criteria that will affect your target market selection. Identify your target market. Describe the organizational buyers and consumers of your product or service and the factors that influence their purchasing decisions. Discuss how these factors will affect your marketing strategy. Analyze current competitors and define the competitive landscape for your product or service. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. A Certificate of Originality should be included. Monday, January 23rd5 Individual Peer EvaluationAfter each Learning Team project, you will be asked to complete a Peer Evaluation to assess the contributions of each member of your Learning Team (including yourself). I will take these Peer Evaluations into account when assessing individual contributions to the Learning Team projects. The Peer Evaluation form and instructions for posting are included in a separate message in the Course Materials forum. POST: Individual Forum Monday, January 23rd Individual Weekly SummaryPost your summary in the Main forum and begin responding to each other's summaries. Summaries should include key learning points for the week. Summaries should be at least 200 words. POST: Summary thread for each week in the main forum. Monday, January 23rd2 Week Four: Marketing Strategy: Place and Promotion DetailsDuePoints Objectives4. 1Analyze the impact of channel management decision on marketing. 4. Select appropriate distribution channels. 4. 3Identify the appropriate place and promotional strategy that should be used in the development of the strategic marketing plan. ReadingsRead Ch. 11, 12, 14, & 16 of Basic Marketing. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. Remember to participate in the class discussions 4 out of 7 days during the week. (2 points per week, ? point per qualifying day – 2 substantive posts = qualifying day)2 Discussion QuestionsRespond to weekly discussion questions. Discussion questions will count as participation. Individual Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing SimulationResources: Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing simulation Complete the simulation, Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing, located on the student website. Write a 1,050- to 1,450-word summary in which you address the following: For each of the three major phases in the simulation, describe †¢The situation †¢Your recommended solutions, including why †¢Your results Summarize the different marketing components addressed in this simulation by answering the following questions: What is the relationship between differentiation and positioning of products or services? Is the repositioning of the product in the simulation as you had expected it to be? Explain why or why not. What is the effect of the product life cycle on marketing? What effect did the product life cycle have on the product in the simulation? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. A Certificate of Originality should be included. Sunday, January 29th8 Learning Team Marketing Plan: Phase III Resources: University Library, Internet Use the product or service you selected for your Marketing Plan: Phase I Paper. Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper to include the following information: Describe the attributes of your product or service in detail. †¢Describe the pace at which your product will move through the product life cycle and the factors that will affect its movement. How will the product life cycle affect the marketing of your selected product or service? †¢Identify the positioning and differentiation strategies for the product or service. †¢Identify the a ppropriate price strategy that should be used for the product or service. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. A Certificate of Originality should be included. Monday, January 30th 5 Individual Peer EvaluationAfter each Learning Team project, you will be asked to complete a Peer Evaluation to assess the contributions of each member of your Learning Team (including yourself). I will take these Peer Evaluations into account when assessing individual contributions to the Learning Team projects. The Peer Evaluation form and instructions for posting are included in a separate message in the Course Materials forum. POST: Individual Forum Monday, January 30th Individual Weekly SummaryPost your summary in the Main forum and begin responding to each other's summaries. Summaries should include key learning points for the week. Summaries should be at least 200 words. POST: Summary thread for each week in the main forum. Monday, January 30th2 Week Five: The Dynamic Environment of Marketing DetailsDuePoints Objectives5. 1Identify environmental factors that affect marketing decisions. 5. 2Explain the impact of technology on marketing. 5. 3Analyze the importance of social responsibility and ethics in marketing. ReadingsRead Ch. 3 & 13 of Marketing Management. Read Ch. 15 & 16 of Marketing: An Introduction. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. Remember to participate in the class discussions 4 out of 7 days during the week. (2 points per week, ? point per qualifying day – 2 substantive posts = qualifying day)2 Discussion QuestionsRespond to weekly discussion questions. Individual Environmental FactorsResources: University Library, Internet Select an organization with which you are familiar that conducts both domestic and global marketing. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you identify the environmental factors that affect global and domestic marketing decisions. Address the following as they relate to the organization’s marketing decisions: Analyze the influence of global economic interdependence and the effect of trade practices and agreements. †¢Examine the importance of demographics and physical infrastructure. †¢Analyze the influence of cultural differences. †¢Examine the importance of social responsibility and ethics versus legal obligations. †¢Analyze the effect of politica l systems and the influence of international relations. †¢Analyze the influence of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as well as the influence of local, national, and international legislation. †¢Explain the effect of technology. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. A Certificate of Originality should be included. Sunday, February 5th8 Individual Final ExaminationResource: Basic Marketing Click the link to the Final Examination on the student website available at the end of Week Four through the end of Week Five. Complete the Final Examination. You are allowed one attempt to complete the exam, which is timed and must be completed in 3 hours. Results are auto graded and sent to your instructor. However, please post a copy in your individual forum. Monday, February 6th15 Learning Team Marketing Plan: Final Paper Resources: University Library, Internet Use the Marketing Plan Outline listed on the student website as a guide. Write a 6,300- to 7,000-word paper integrating your previous Learning Team assignments into a final Marketing Plan Paper. In addition, address the following information in your paper: †¢Identify the appropriate place and promotional strategy that should be used in the development of the strategic marketing plan. †¢Develop an initial sales promotion schedule. †¢Create an advertising plan. †¢Identify public relations opportunities for the product or service. †¢Analyze the effect of channel management decisions on the marketing or your selected product or service. Select appropriate distribution channels for your product or service and address costs in terms of placement, shipping, and middlemen. †¢Develop a budget for your plan. †¢Identify quantifiable elements that can be used to evaluate, monitor, and control the effectiveness of your marketing plan. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. A Certificate of Originality should be included. Monday, February 6th10 Individual Peer EvaluationAfter each Learning Team project, you will be asked to complete a Peer Evaluation to assess the contributions of each member of your Learning Team (including yourself). I will take these Peer Evaluations into account when assessing individual contributions to the Learning Team projects. The Peer Evaluation form and instructions for posting are included in a separate message in the Course Materials forum. POST: Individual Forum Monday, February 6th Individual Weekly SummaryPost your summary in the Main forum and begin responding to each other's summaries. Summaries should include key learning points for the week. Summaries should be at least 200 words. POST: Summary thread for each week in the main forum. Monday, February 6th2

Mankind Distanced From Nature And The Use Of Earth Simply As A Essay

Mankind Distanced From Nature And The Use Of Earth Simply As A Resource - Essay Example Never before have had the benefits of mankind labour threatened their precise existence: also this era of nuclear disasters, arms race, and global warming (Turner, 1980). For the first phase in history, mankind can produce enough to satisfy the needs of every head on the Earth. Despite mankind power to regulate natural world, many societies are dominated by emotions linked to the economic recession, health issues, insecurities, and military chaos (Turner, 1980). These issues overwhelm lives with the seemingly irresistible power of natural disasters. The more densely populated cities become, the more mankind’s lives are recognized by feelings of loneliness and isolation from the nature (Phillips, 2010). The more forces mankind experience to satisfy their emotion, the more they emotionally distance themselves from nature; and this distancing permits them to treat Earth simply as a resource to their needs. This is well discussed in the following paragraphs. The mankind ability to perform their tasks, to develop how they work and build on their successes, has tried to result in cumulative development of the productive forces. From the research carr ied out, one such advancement gave rise to class community. When community became capable of generating surplus, it also made it conceivable for a class to rise, which was liberated from the need, to generate directly and could survive from its control over the work of others (Phillips, 2010). This process was significant in order to establish and direct the productive forces; however, it was also meant that the producers, the majority of the community lost control of their labour. The emergency class society in which one class had power of control over the means of generating what the community required, led to a further division between individuals and the community to which they fit. Some forms of social life caused a wedge between the two dimensions of the self, the person and the communal, producing a separation between people’s interests and those of community as a whole (Turner, 1980). Thus, the mankind distanced from nature arose from class community. For instance, Ro bert Romanyshyn use metaphor in is work to elaborate these ideas. He claims that mankind have given their hearts away, a sordid boon (Romanyshyn, 2001). Sordid is the demonstration of the worst aspects of mankind nature such as greed, immorality, and selfishness. On the other hand, Boon is something that works as a blessing or benefit. Complication between the words proposes materialism is corrupt and destructive blessing that the industrial revolution has offered. It emphasised the tension between the good external and the sordid truth behind materialism. On the external, material goods bring pleasure and in many ways are a symbol of mankind progress; however, in truth, they feed the worst feature of humanity (Romanyshyn, 2001). The discipline whose duty is to describe and map the capabilities of human emotions/ mind is psychology; and psychology’s accepting of these abilities is built around the concept of intelligence. Apart from mankind psychological understanding of how they interact with the world around them, this concept has been widely applied in education and business, where test of intelligence always impacts selection and promotion. More indirectly, a psychological notion about what establishes intelligent action pervades the wider fabric of the community. This impacts common-sense ideas about what institutes mental ability, and offering certain styles of thought and action a higher status than others (Kidner, 1999). At the same time, the

PICOT question, where to search Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PICOT question, where to search - Coursework Example The presence of such services will ensure incoming patients are treated in a timely manner to avoid congestion in the ER. The implementation psychiatric services in the healthcare institution will ensure that there is less retention of patients in the ER. Continued holding of patients in the ER with absence of medical and service administration to them imposes adverse effects on patients. As a result, an immediate intervention is necessary to ensure efficiency in service delivery. The institution of psychiatric services in the health institution ensures a timely and effective delivery of medical services to behavioral patients. On the other hand, an increase in hospital beds will take care of the rising inpatient demand in the ER. The aforementioned factors will play a necessary role in ensuring unlimited beds for ER patients. The intervention mechanism in healthcare facilities must take immediate effect because of the rising inpatient demand in in the ER. As a result of the rising demand for the behavioral patients, it is imperative for the implementation of psychiatrist service that will ensure a minimum of four hours attendance to patients after arrival (Doran, 2013). Medical practitioners have an imperative role in the determination of efficient medical and health services to patients. Literature review provides comprehensive and clear information on the provision for more ER beds in hospitals so as to cater for the rising number of behavioral patients. The increased world-wide population is prone to a vast range of diseases that call for immediate intervention (Doran, 2013). Therefore, it is imperative for governments, and respective private agencies to intervene on the

IRAC Brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IRAC Brief - Essay Example As the employer of the victims, was Mariano Prime LLC dba MD Wholesale cognizant of the harassment that took place and was it required to put an end to this type of behavior? Rule: Harassment can include undesirable sexual advances, solicitation for sexual favors as well as verbal or physical harassment that are sexually attuned. A client, employee or a customer of either male or female gender can experience sexual harassment. Analysis: The EEOC, upon conducting its investigation, filed a lawsuit with the U.S. District Court for Guam District in September 2011 (EEOC v. Mariano Prime LLC dba MD Wholesale, Case No. 11-00029). This came after futile attempt to settle the case through conciliation process. During the EEOC’s investigation, it established reasonable evidence suggesting that MD Wholesale facility breached Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("Marianas Variety",  2013). The case has also made apparent that there was no training whatsoever on sexual harassment, sexual assault, or reporting procedures. We can further assume that from management throughout subordinate levels, were totally oblivious of the consequences due to violations of a persons civil rights. Conclusion: MD Wholesale made a settlement with EEOC in the amount of $77,500 for the victims and accepted to change its policy and procedures for dealing with grievance on workplace sexual harassment. In addition, MD Wholesale is also required to retain an EEOC as a way of ensuring that their staffs are educated about their rights in light of workplace discrimination, harassment as well as retribution. Further, the company is expected to implement training program for its management to ensure compliance with future complaints. MD Wholesale agreed to offer extra training for its management and human resources personnel in order to ensure that they are capable of dealing effectively with future EEO grievances. Apart from monetary compensation to

Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Anthropology - Essay Example This topic is important because it will assist an anthropologist to analyze the theories of evolution with a better stand. It is also essential since it tells about the origin of humans and it will help in determining the similarities in biological and physical characteristics of the beings in association with their area of origin. It will also help in determining the changes that have occurred in the human beings from their time of existence. Answer: The author presented an argument supporting the Out of Africa theory which states that today’s human beings evolved basically from Africa and around 100,000 to 200,000 years back. A research was conducted by a group of researchers from the University of Maryland in 2003 in Tanzania. This is an area presenting a population with diverse phenotypic differences. The mitochondrial DNA was analyzed and the changes in their genes were kept constant and the time for their evolution resulted to around 170000 years back which supported the fact of the Out of Africa theory. Two skulls were also discovered from Ethiopia which also upheld this fact that the period of development of today’s beings dates back to around 100000 to 200000 years. Answer: The author also presented with the Multiregional theory which provides explanation that human beings basically evolved from not just one location but the modern human beings actually originated everywhere around the world and they spread and went distant apart which led to the development of different racial characteristics amongst them. This hypothesis claims that the earliest remains of human beings will not be restricted to one area but will rather be found all around the world and that the recent human beings have evolved long time back that is more than million years back. The author then explained his arguments in favor of the Out of Africa hypothesis with strong evidences to support this theory above the Multiregional

Health Policy Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Policy Issues - Essay Example Policies and programs put into action should focus on these issues. Results from studies done in the past have shown that health institutions or hospitals with adequate and appropriate nurse-to-patient ratio provides high quality care as compared to those with inadequate staffing levels. The cost of healthcare is very high today in the US. This has been attributed to the high cost s of living that consequently elevates the cost of available services. Some individuals have also been unable to pay for their healthcare insurance. Therefore, many Americans have limited access to healthcare as individuals ought to have health coverage for them to access affordable and high quality care. There are various policy issues that affect our aging population of the United States. One of the most significant issues of concern is long term care. It is evident all over the world that there has been a persistent or constant increase in the percentage of senior citizens particularly in the US. Such an increase leads to elevated requirements whereby more individuals in the senior citizens category necessitate continuing and long-standing care. There is therefore a need to design healthcare programs geared towards increasing the quantity and quality of institutionalized care as well as care practices at the community level. Another important health policy issue facing older people’s lives is access to healthcare. A large proportion of Americans have limited access to appropriate and affordable healthcare. This is attributed to the ever increasing rates of insurance cover. An individual is necessitated to pay up his/her health insurance during his/her younger and working ye ars (Pescosolido, 2010). Therefore, those individuals unlucky in life and hence are poor heave a lot of problems when they get old. Some of them lack healthcare insurance at this crucial and vulnerable stage in their lives. There are a few challenges that face the US

US Policy on Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US Policy on Immigration - Essay Example In March 2003, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) - a cabinet level federal agency created under the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and tasked to coordinate and implement internal security took over immigration duties from the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). Under the supervision of DHS, immigration enforcement is now under the Border and Security Directorship and immigration services under the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (National Immigration Forum, August 2003). The mandate given to Homeland Security to implement immigration policy was to enable the body to strictly enforce immigration rules with regards to the fact that Al Qaida operatives who undertook terrorist activities from 1993 until 2001 were able to enter the United States by exploiting the weaknesses in the immigration system (M. Krikorian, Spring 2004). The Department of Homeland Security is tasked to secure the borders of the country in order to prevent illegal entries of immigrants, and to this effect a record 4.5 million people have been apprehended and repatriated, out of which were 350,000 have criminal records according to the White House, at least since President George Bush took office (White House, November 28, 2005). The message being sent is that the United States "border must be open to trade and tourism and closed to criminals, drug dealers, and terrorists" (White House, November 28, 2005). ...ecretary of Homeland Security to enforce laws pertaining to security in conjunction with the issuance of visas of consulates and visas, powers that were vested before in the Secretary of State (National Immigration Forum, August 2003). Thus, the Homeland Security has personnel posted at American embassies and consulates all over the world.However, immigration policy which fell under the national security context had been countere d by parties which say that the current policy is harsh to immigrants who have traditionally bolstered the economic power and the democratic space of the United States. As a response, the Bush administration has made efforts to undertake reforms that would bolster national security concerns without undermining the rights of immigrants and making it difficult for those who are productive and law-abiding to become legal citizens of the United States. Border patrols and no-exception policy on repatriation of illegal entrants (most of those who come through Mexico) are coupled with proposals for a new Temporary Worker Program which will allow migrant worker to register for a definite period, after which they have to leave (White House, November 28, 2005). The temporary worker program has been advocated as a safer alternative than granting amnesty which the government believes would reward those who break the law.  

The Effects of Single Parenting on Children Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Single Parenting on Children Essay For as long as human families have existed, the core family group of a father, mother, and the children has been the ideal composition in what could be considered a balanced and fulfilling functional family. There had been many studies of the effects of having certain members of these groups on the family household present and absent. While there are many hypothesis of the effects of the children in the family in household with a missing parent, most of them are indeed negative and there had been studies that these can vary in many different aspects of a child’s upbringing. These effects will be discussed and functionality of the household family itself will be discussed to look at the issues mostly in the mother and child side. This is because typically in a single parent family it is usually the mother that the children will be left with after a divorce or separation takes place. It is true that in many circumstances that a single parent father may be left responsible for the children but this does not seem to occur nearly as likely as many times unwed pregnancies leave the mother responsible for raising the child. The fact is however that these occurrences of single parent families especially for single parent mothers are prevalent enough to be an issue. This is even more so as studies have indicated that unwed births, which increase the amount of single parent families, have been increasing as well. Trends have been found that in from the year 1960 and 1995 an increase of 26. 9% of unwed births has been seen while an increase of 4. 4% between the years 1995 to 2005. Studies in 2004 suggest that the percentage of women of ages 20-24 who have given birth to children are unmarried 55% of the time while women of ages 25-29 are unmarried 29% of the time when bearing children (5). The importance of this issue is well known and has been addressed for a long time since single mother circumstances has always been occurring for a variety of reasons. The biggest reason is most likely because the mother herself is the one who gives birth to the child, which naturally begins the relationship with the mother and child promptly at the start of the child’s life. In history men had been always been the sex responsible for representing their nation or group for military conflict and casualties in any engagement is mostly costly to the lives of the men who participate in the actual fighting. The loss of a women’s husband in general if either from war or otherwise will result in the woman being left alone to care for the child. Also since divorce, unwed pregnancies, or even rape will result in the mother’s absence in a father figure for the environmental upbringing for the child, the heart of the research in the single parent family usually involves the effects of the missing father. The importance of the father figure is substantial for the child even in the early days of infancy. Although it is the mother that is more responsible for the nurturing nature that the child requires, it has been shown that a father figure’s presence is significant even during infancy. There are differences in the way that a mother and father interact with a baby although these are limited mostly to one-sided communication and touch between the baby and the parent. The mother as mentioned before has the most interaction with the infant and is usually more comforting often speaking to the infant with more soothing and rhythmical fashion. This is different typically in father’s who usually express themselves in a more upfront manner with more physical touching as well as with firmer and abrupt vocal tones. This is important for the child even at the early stages of its development since these types of interactions from the father stimulate the child in a more fun, exciting, and adventurous level. A child that has these stimulations tend to score higher in brain development and critical thinking tests (6). The importance of a father figure is more prevalent in early childhood through the notion of physical play. Besides from the child having opportunity for fun through interaction with another person, a rougher and more challenging (though still comforting) environment that is beneficial for development. This type of play which is more predominant when provided from a father can present the child the opportunity to learn his own physical boundaries, the effect of its own actions on its surrounding world, and to learn about its own emotions while discovering the notions of winning and losing. Studies have proven that interactions with the father through play and otherwise teach children to become more emotionally aware of themselves and others. Studies have shown that these children will also get along better with siblings and peers better due to these emotional developments (6). These benefits for the child can also have lasting effects into later life for developing relationships with others. The father figure is also usually more responsible for influencing challenges and trying new things for young children. This is significant for the development of the child’s problem solving skills as well as his or her self-esteem when able to succeed in new or challenging situations. These can also help build independence as a father figure tends to allow the child to explore the world and try things out for him or herself. The father figure is also more responsible for disciplinary action towards the child which not only teaches the child what kind of behavior is appropriate or not, but also teaches them to be responsible for their actions. Not only by providing discipline, the father figure also sets a role model of responsibility that can cause the child to become less troublesome, able to take responsibility, and not blame others for their circumstances (6). From the start of the child’s life it is evident that the role of both parents is important for the development in healthy children. Aside from the individual roles which are provided by the two parents separately, the problems of having just one parent in the household to take responsibility of the child by him or herself can be hampering for the child’s development as well. There have been correlations that single parent family households may not provide the best living environment for a child. These negative aspects can originate from the actions of the single parent and from the child due to the differences in the environment of a single parent household. These can be because of economic issues as a single parent mother will have more responsibilities for herself to support the family without the assistance of a spouse. These responsibilities can also be trickled down to the child as well and both aspects can be stressful to the mother and to the child. Both of these factors can separately be detrimental to the physical and mental health to the child specifically (1). Studies show that adolescents that are raised by single parents tend to score lower in psychological tests which indicate lower levels of self-esteem, mental health, the ability to concentrate and learn in school, and to interact socially with others (1). There are several variances to how each of these types of results can occur with relevance to being raised in a single parent household. Stress being one of them can be shared by both the child and the parent as the presence in one can cause the other family member to experience it as well. The stress can occur from both economic and social hardships from being a single parent. With the higher level of responsibilities being put on the single parent, it is often seen that the child is left with more household duties than children with both a mother and a father. The higher amount of chores and stress brought on from them coupled with the stress felt by the child from parent can have negative effects on the child emotionally. The stress and worsen moods generated from these living conditions can increase the occurrences of mental illness and also bad behavior (1). This is also harder to deal with for the single parent as the larger workload put upon them and the stress that is brought with it leaves them with less resources and time to appropriately interact with the child. It can be noted also that adolescent children do communicate better with a single parent more and family decisions are made more so with participation with the child. This interestingly however correlates with more determents to mental health as well as self-esteem to the child (1). This can be because the said interactions between the parent and child may not always be positive ones due to the stress discussed earlier. It can be since a single parent may have to lay more responsibility upon the child, fewer rules upon the child’s behavior may be present which can have negative effect on the child’s mental health due to higher levels of insecurity. The higher level of decision making left on the child having negative effects on self-esteem and mental health may be due to greater insecurity and thoughts of incompetence from the child (1). All of these factors of stress, emotional stability, and mental health can have detrimental effects on not only the child’s academic and social progress but also later in life in the work environment as well as parenting their own offspring as well. The physical wellbeing of the child must also be addressed as those may also be compromised when brought up in a single parent family. The ability to provide all the needs to the child in a single parent household are typically lower due to the single parent having less time and resources. Although social programs are available for these situations, studies still prove that single parent children often receive less medical attention than those from with both parents. Plutzer showed in a study that only 57% of children have been brought to dental care facilities by their mothers while a 71% of those from double parent families have been seen (2). These can be again since the single mothers may not have the time to fully attend to these healthcare needs as a discrepancy can be seen in the health care even to the mothers themselves. This is most likely supported by the fact that interventions from the mentioned social programs take more consideration to the single mother families. This may fortify the thought that economic status may not play as big of a role in what can be provided for all these issues for the single parent children. If economic situations may not be the more contributing factor for these underprivileged children, it may be more to the parenting and relationship with the child and single parent that can be the cause. A study has been done to research environmental factors that can cause developmental disorders on young children that focus on children before adolescence and even infancy. These studies have indicated that children that have been raised by single parents are more likely to develop persuasive developmental disorders as well as mental retardation (3). It has also been shown that even in children with both parents present to them that these issues have higher occurrences due to inadequate parenting indicated in low test scores in communication and affected response from either or both parents. But to focus on these issues relating single parenting, it can be said that these problems are from parent performance when considering just environmental factors. It should be mentioned however that economic issues can have an effect in-directly to the higher amount of developmental problems seen in the children brought up by single mothers. The said before stress put on single mothers can cause inadequate parenting starting from birth and could have additive effects on the child during its development. Studies has also indicated that single mothers also have a higher chance of having mental disorders such as depression which can also be detrimental to raising the child at all stages of his or her upbringing (3). This falls back on the interaction with the child and mother that this interaction is much lower when the mother suffers from such ailments. Though studies on developmental disorders and especially mental retardation on young children and infants is relatively new, these can be a productive incentive to hit the issue of young people with behavior problems from a new angle. This is such since studies have proven that children with persuasive developmental disorders are much more likely to have more serious mental issues later in life. Also since mental retardation is predominantly thought to have more genetic causes than environmental. However more studies have proven that environmental factors especially with parent child relations can have a greater effect (3). There have been other instances where economic situations have not played the biggest role in the proper upbringing of a child by single mothers. An issue in Malaysia has risen to the increase of adolescent children in the country. It has been observed that a growing problem with adolescent children’s behavior has arisen due to higher levels of drug use, aggressiveness, gang activity, and other antisocial activity. A study was done on the issue with to focus on the home life and relationship with the children and their parents. This was centered on households where there were children being raised by single mothers since there was also a large increase in the amount of single mothers also occurring. The study covered many family backgrounds with varying economic and social statuses as well as single parent and married couple households. The results were that indeed children being brought up in households run by a single mother had higher chances of displaying antisocial behavior. However many variables were also tested such as the differences in income for these single mothers. It was shown that there was not much difference in the amount of children with these issues from single mother households where the mother earned a large income or low income (4). This fact implies that family structure or the interactions between the parent and the child are the reasons for the bad behavior. It could be thought that the income may be an indirect cause of this behavior since the workload and stress would affect the single mother, who does not have as many benefits in Malaysia. Since however this particular study did not see much correlation between the antisocial behavior of the children and the income of these single mothers, it can be assumed that family structure may play a larger role in the issue. The Islamic family has a core family style that involves having a father figure particularly active during the adolescent stage of the child. These roles that the older male figure in the household is to allow the child to experience the outside world and the responsibilities that come from the culture outside of the household (4). The absence of these older male figures to provide this to the children may put greater stress on the mother who has to solely be responsible for providing all the needs to herself and her children. This hypothesis is further strengthened by the results of the studies that even fully complete families with both he mother and father have seen increases in the amount of antisocial adolescents due to lackluster parenting (4). These ideas have been expressed earlier when discussing the other studies but are further reinforced by this one especially since this was done in a foreign context where the culture differs greatly from in the United States. Though there are many issues that can arise in children from single parent families and those issues can result in a variety of reasons, the focus on the studies presented show that a large amount of problems can come from the large responsibility put on single mothers. The single mothers put at a disadvantage to not having a partner must tend to the needs of her child both emotional and substantially, while at the same time supporting herself. This is a daunting task as much consideration must be put on raising a mentally and physically healthy child. Single mothers are left at an economic disadvantage compared to married mothers obviously, but the main issues come to the interaction between the parent and the child. These important interactions often become deterred one way or another due to the larger responsibilities put on the mother (and sometimes the child) to survive and the stress put upon the mother may affect the mood and psychological state she may be in. These all can have negative impacts on the child which can range from less than adequate habits for physical health, sociemotional issues that can result in antisocial behavior, or even possibly mental retardation and developmental disorders that can result from the lack of parenting during infancy. The biggest issue most likely stems down to the absence of both parents in the child’s life, however most social studies until recently have focused on the economical issues that these single mothers have to deal with. The social programs especially in the United States help with the lower amount of income that single mothers make however, while these income issues may have indirect causes to the problem, it is becoming more prevalent that the parent-child interactions may be the focus and should be implemented in further study as well so that the population may be educated for better care of these children.

Project procurement and risk management

Project procurement and risk management PROJECT PROCUREMENT AND RÄ °SK INTRODUCTION The management of the processes of purchasing or acquiring the services ,products or results needed from outside the project team to perform the work is defined as project procurement management or the processes to purchase/acquire products, services and results from outside the project. The main actors are†The Buyer† and the†The Seller† and central is the contractual obligations and regulations.Central is also how the purchasing process within the project is structured, with formal approvals and routines[16].In procurement process we have to consider the Business aspect,financial aspect,routines,instructions,investment aspect,subcontracting and every step in procurement will need its own tools Risk analysis,Investment calculus,vendor evaluation,quality assurance,specification determination,contract forms. 1. SPECIFICATION OF PLACE AND SIZE OF THE PROJECT. 1.1 NEW PROJECT OF GW For the first and second assignment, our company hasnt had any specific project. We only made the scope analysis, management plan, policy, stakeholder analysis, organizational chart within the subjects of Project Management, Quality, Human Resources, and Communication Management.(1,2) For the third assignment, The Company GW has a current project, which is now on going. We have been ordered to make a solar thermal power plant to the area of desert of Arizona, United States. The ordered is made by the United State Government. There should be installed a solar thermal power plant to be built in 5 years. The target of this plant is to generate 275MW energy per year. The energy gained from the solar power, will be used in order to meet the electricity need of the towns that are the closest ones to the solar power. According to the assumption, if 1 average roof is capable to be built 20 solar panels on it, it is expected that this amount of solar energy will meet the electricity needs of approximately 40000 building such as home, school, businesses, and public buildings. The usage of renewable energy will definitely provide the United State Government to make a reasonable profit. Since it doesnt cause any pollution, there will be generated a new perspective for environ mental aspects, and it will repay its installation cost in a short period of time. 2. MAKE A STAKEHOLDER ANALYSÄ °S FOR YOUR PROJECT 2.1 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS When we were making the scope analysis of GW, in Assignment I, we already mentioned that, stakeholders are any group, party, organization or people, that somehow plays a role within the whole project. They affect or are affected by the actions that the organization performs. Stakeholder analysis identifies the stakeholders and their interests, defines their roles and related responsibilities and specifies whether, and to what extent, their expectations are treated as requirement in the project [3,4,5]. 3. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE AREA OF DESERT OF ARIZONA IN MIND DUE TO RESOURCES (MAPS AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION) As we have discussed in our scope analysis, as The Company of GW, our main objective is to set up high quality and efficient solar power plants with a reasonable cost. Since we are also aware of keeping the harmonious balance of energy, one of our aims is also to compensate the energy need by providing the environmental protection to keep the earth green. In order to have a high efficient plant with a high quality, it is quite crucial to pay attention at which the installation will be done. Because the available resources play the most important role, after setting up a plant, in terms of efficiency. Efficiency for a plant can be found by the formula; desired output / required input. This formula can also be explained verbally; the highest efficiency we can get from a plan is 100% that is equal to 1 for this formula, which is impossible to obtain for the real life since we cannot have the ideal conditions. But in order to increase the efficiency to approach to zero, by a simple mathematics, we can say that, we need to keep the output higher as much as we can, while decreasing the input value. How we can decrease the required input value to nearly zero is by utilizing the natural resources as well as we can, which is the solar energy for our case. Therefore, it is very important to build up new plants to the regions, where there can be found high temperature and more sunny days available. Therefore, deserts take the first place in the ranking, when it needs to make a prioritizing. There is also one advantage that deserts can be used as a land for solar power systems, because there is no need any environmental impact such as lake (as it is needed for hydroelectric dams), or coal plants. There are also many advantages to install the plants in the United States as the land; * United States is the leader for the power research and development. * It is one of only two countries in the world that has the largest scale of solar power. * Since Arizona is located in the southwest of US, the feature of warm and sunny climate makes the desert of Arizona more favorable location for solar power. * This solar power plant not only reserved by the people live around it, but also affects some other people by rebates and tax credits. As it is also explained in the website of Department of Energy of United States ; â€Å"Specific federal and state tax laws permit private companies and homeowners to credit the purchase price of their solar power systems against their annual income tax payment.†[6,7] 4. LIST OF ITEMS NEEDED GW needs to identify the needed goods and services. This should be identified according to GWs organization chart and procurement plan. After identifying the needed goods and services, the suppliers which will successfully fulfill the contracts and supply good and services, should be found. The suppliers should be chosen according to their technical capability, experience and human resource capability. Here is a list of needed items and services for GW: Materials Services  § Office Equipment  § Rental Cars  § Meeting Rooms  § Restaurant/Cafeteria  § Security Stuff  § Computer Services  § Cleaning Supplies  § Tax Services  § Insurance Services  § Electric Services  § Heating Services  § Air Condition Services  § Building Repair Services  § Telecommunication Services  § Transport Services  § Treatment of Office Materials Service  § Education Services (for personnel trainings)  § Scientific and Technological Services (for industrial analysis, researches)  § Food and Drink Provider Service  § Security Service Table 2: List of item needed As we see in the table, most of the services and materials are the basic needs of company. These are not changeable according to the projects. According to the project, the use of these items may change. Also the needed items list has to be renewable all the time. The departments may need new items during the projects. Then these items should be added to the list. It means that this list can change in every phase of the project but as it is mentioned before, most of these items will be kept as basic needs. If new items would be identified in later phases of projects, the list can be detailed.[8,9] 5. MAKE OR BUY DECISION The act of making choice between producing an item (in -house ) Internallay or buying it from external source (Supplier) is make-or-buy decision. Make-or-buy decisions arises usually when a company has developed a product or modified a product or having trouble with current supplier or changing demand of the product. Make-or-buy decisions also occur at the operational level. Analysis suggest the following considerations that are in favor of making a part in-house (1) * The considerations of cost * To integrate the plant operations * The Productive utalisation of excess the plant capacity * The Need of direct control over production and/or quality * The Better quality control system * To protect Proprietary technology design. * Unreliable suppliers,No competent suppliers * Desire to maintain a stable workforce (in periods of declining sales) * The too small Quality to interest a supplier * lead time Controle , warehousing and transportation, costs * Greater assurance of continious supply. * Provision of a secondary source * The Political, environmental or social reasons. Some of the factors which influence may be on the firms to buy a part externally include: * Lacklessness of expertise,Suppliers research and specialized know-how exceeds that of the buyer * Consideration of cost. * Low-volume requirements. * Facilities of limited production or insufficient capacity * Strong desire of maintaining a multiple-source policy * The Indirect managerial control considerations. * Considerations of Procurement and inventory. * Preference Brand * Those Item which are not essential to the firms strategy There are two most important points to consider in a make-or-buy decision are and the availability of production capacity the cost . Obviously, the firm who buy will compare production and purchase costs.It provide the major elements included in this comparison. Elements of the â€Å"make† analysis include: * Carrying costs. * The direct labor costs. * Factory overhead costs * Purchased material costs which is delivered * Managerial costs. * Any other costs stemming from the quality and related problems. * Increasing purchasing costs, Increasing capital costs. Cost considerations for the â€Å"buy† analysis include: * Purchasing price,and transportation costs of the items. * Ä °nspection and reception costs. * The Incremental purchasing costs. * Any of the costs which is related to quality or service. 6. RISK ANALYSÄ °S (RA) FOR SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT TO THE AREA OF DESERT OF ARIZONA 6.1 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RISK OF SOLAR THERMAL The Desert of Arizona solar boom will impact social and economic dimensions of the region. Nearby residents and visitors will face the burden of increased traffic, pollution, noise, and infrastructure that will diminish the aesthetic qualities of the desert. A fringe impact of solar parks is increased land prices caused by growing demand from private industry. Economically, solar thermal parks will produce manufacturing and construction jobs. These jobs could provide more revenue for the surrounding community, increased investment in the local economy, and a larger tax base.[11,12] 6.2 RISK OF SOLAR THERMAL ON VEGETATION, WILDLIFE, AND WATER The Desert of Arizona is home diverse species and ecosystems, and large solar parks could be physical stressors on these desert systems. Considering the fragility, diversity, and complexity of the Desert of Arizona, large solar thermal parks could disrupt healthy ecosystems and augment pressures on already stressed species .Limited water supplies also complicate the benefits of solar thermal. 6.3 RISK OF SOLAR THERMAL ON DESERT SOIL ECOSYSTEMS: ASSESSMENT ENDPOINT The Desert of Arizona has recently caught the attention of scientists because of its ancient origins and carbon sequestration capabilities. Made up of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. The recent scientific literature regarding carbon sequestration in deserts is both new and solar power is perceived as a ‘clean energy source, reducing carbon production while providing much-needed energy. The production capabilities in Desert of Arizona could supply with most of its energy needs. Therefore, the goal of this project is to determine whether the installation and operation of solar thermal plants will impact carbon sequestration capabilities of the Desert of Arizona ecosystem and ecosystem services to the extent that more carbon is released or inhibited from being stored than saved while utilizing solar technology.[13] 6.4 QUALITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS: POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SOLAR THERMAL PLANTS ON THE DESERT OF ARIZONA It is clear that the desert ecosystem will be disturbed and destroyed during the installation of the Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants in the Desert of Arizona. However, it is unclear, and therefore our primary question for this analysis, whether the sum gain of carbon saved by building and operating new solar thermal plants rather than operating fossil fuel power plants is greater than the sum loss of carbon that occurs when the desert habitat is disturbed and destroyed, thus altering the carbon sequestration abilities of the ecosystem. We approached this analysis in both a qualitative and quantitative manner. We will first describe the descriptive analysis of the risks associated with installation and operation of the CSP plants, followed by the quantitative approach of applying a cost-benefit analysis to compare net carbon gains by using CSP plants rather than an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (ICGG) plant, which uses â€Å"clean coal† technology.[14] 7. RA WHAT TO DO IF THE RISK OCCURS ? 7.1 CARBON LOSS DUE TO INSTALLATÄ °ON OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS Carbon sequestration is thought to occur on a variety of levels within desert and semi-arid ecosystems. The primary stressor in this analysis is the physical destruction of the habitat that will occur with the installation of the solar collecting facilities, roads, and transmission lines or towers. While CSP plants are large, some estimate they use less land area than hydroelectric dams or coal plants. Nonetheless, existing vegetation, including the aboveground biomass and belowground plant tissue and roots will be cleared prior to installation of CSP plants. Additionally, it is assumed that biological soil crusts will be destroyed and alkaline soils will be removed during the CSP installation process, especially if land leveling, contouring, and construction of stabilizing features for high desert winds are needed. While the soil may only be displaced and later deposited in other desert areas, we assumed the stored carbon was released into the atmosphere. This may be an overstatemen t of the potential effect; however, we decided to assume the scenario causing the greatest impact given the limited available information. 7.2 LOSS OF FUTURE CARBON SEQUESTRATION WITH THE OPERATION OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS In addition to the loss of stored carbon, the CSP facility and supporting infrastructure will likely inhibit the future sequestration of carbon across the inhabited area. Some researchers such as Schlesinger are skeptical of the high flux rates especially given the lack of information to support where the carbon is stored and whether carbon sequestration within desert biomes has increased since the Industrial Revolution. However, if these desert ecosystems do sequester large carbon pools, then large alterations of the ecosystem will likely result in the loss of future sequestration capabilities for the global carbon budget. 7.3 OTHER POTENTIAL IMPACTS AS A RESULT OF INSTALLATÄ °ON AND OPERATÄ °ON OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS Although the majority of this analysis has characterized solar thermal as a physical stressor, CSP plants also pose chemical risks. CSP plants may use molten salts to store the thermal energy and these oxidizing salts may pose both health and ecological risks. Furthermore, impacts will occur on water supplies and resources, as water is piped from limited aquatic systems; Desert of Arizona, some of which may have declining populations; and nearby human communities. These impacts were not evaluated in this risk analysis but should be considered in a more comprehensive evaluation. 7.4 QUANTITATIVE RA/ COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS The objective of this cost benefit analysis is to weigh the possible costs of building a solar thermal plant in the Desert of Arizona. The scope of this cost benefit analysis will be limited to solar thermal plants located in Desert of Arizona, and the currency used will be carbon. It is important to note that these values are estimates and the quantitative analysis is limited to carbon. In a comprehensive risk assessment, a full ecological cost benefit analysis would be conducted in order to measure the true costs of a solar thermal plant. Other parameters that would be considered include impacts on the Desert of Arizona of the region, water resources, social and economic implications and land costs. Carbon costs of construction and operation of the solar thermal plant were calculated based on a review of the primary literature. Carbon released from disruption of Desert of Arizona soil, construction of the solar thermal plant, and disruption of carbon sequestration capabilities were considered in the evaluation. [15] 8. RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS FLOWCHART CONCLUSION In this paper we define and implement the project procurement and risk management for our green show project,we specify the place and size of our project and also analysis of stackholders were made .We also investigate the area due to resources and geographical information .A list of items like systems ,services and materials etc was made and finally we also perform make or buy decisions for the items.Both types of qualatative and quantitative risk analysis was also made.We present a risk management plane in the form of flow chart with roles and resposibilities.We come to a point that project procrutment and risk management is the most important area of project management. REFERENCES [1] http://www.jasolar.com/ [2] http://michaelbluejay.com/sri/solar.html [3] http://maps.google.com/ [4] http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0209-solar.html [5] http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0113-energy.html [6] http://news.discovery.com/tech/ten-places-harness-solar.html [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plants_in_the_Mojave_Desert [8] http://xeno.ipaustralia.gov.au/tmgoods.htm [9] http://www.treasury.gov.lk/FPPFM/pfd/circulars/NPACircular11.pdf 10) http://www.enotes.com/management-encyclopedia/make-buy-decision [11] SOLAR THERMAL IN THE MOJAVE DESERT, 13 March 2009. [12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plants_in_the_Mojave_Desert [13] http://www.aps.com/ [14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Energy_Generating_Systems [15] Financing Solar Thermal Power Plants, Rainer Kistner and Henry W. Price, April 1999. [16] Erika Lecture notes